Introduction
New words in Bangla are not created randomly. They are built — like machine parts fitted together — out of a base and small attached particles. Three of the most important building blocks are:
- Prokriti (প্রকৃতি) — the root/base of a word.
- Protyoy (প্রত্যয়) — a suffix attached after the base.
- Uposorgo (উপসর্গ) — a prefix attached before the base.
This topic (part of শব্দ গঠন / word-formation in Bangla grammar) is a permanent favourite in BCS Preliminary, Bank, and IT-Officer exams. Almost every exam contains at least one item like "Which uposorgo is used in this word?", "How many pure-Bangla uposorgo are there?", or "Break the word into prokriti + protyoy". Master it once and you collect these marks for life, because the rules never change.
Learning objectives
After this lesson you will be able to:
- Define prokriti, protyoy, and uposorgo precisely and state how each differs from the others.
- Distinguish naam-prokriti (nominal base) from dhatu / kriya-prokriti (verbal root), and use the √ notation correctly.
- Separate krit protyoy from taddhita protyoy, and name the derived word (kridanta vs taddhitanta).
- Classify uposorgo into pure-Bangla (21), Sanskrit/Totshomo (20), and foreign groups, and recall the standard lists.
- Explain the four functions of an uposorgo (contract, expand, change, or leave meaning unchanged).
- Break any given word into its building blocks in an exam and identify each part.