Karak (কারক) and Bibhokti (বিভক্তি) form the grammatical backbone of the Bangla sentence. Karak is the relationship a noun or pronoun holds with the verb of a sentence — who does the action, what is affected, with what instrument, from where, and so on. Bibhokti is the inflectional suffix attached to that word to mark the relationship. Together they explain how words connect to make meaning.
For competitive exams (BCS, Bank, IT-officer, and other government recruitment tests), this topic is a permanent fixture. Questions ask you to identify the karak and bibhokti of an underlined word, to name the bibhokti (প্রথমা, দ্বিতীয়া …), to distinguish karak from non-karak relations (সম্বন্ধ, সম্বোধন), and to tell bibhokti apart from anusarga (অনুসর্গ / postpositions). A single formula — ask a question of the verb — unlocks almost every question, and this lesson teaches that method from first principles.
Learning Objectives
After studying this lesson fully, you will be able to:
- Define karak and bibhokti precisely and explain how the two differ.
- Identify all six karaks by asking the correct question of the verb.
- Name the seven bibhoktis (প্রথমা–সপ্তমী) and list every suffix under each.
- Recognise the two relations that are not karak — সম্বন্ধ and সম্বোধন — and say why.
- Distinguish bibhokti (attached suffix) from anusarga (separate postposition).
- Classify sub-types: প্রযোজক/ব্যতিহার কর্তা, মুখ্য/গৌণ/সমধাতুজ কর্ম, কালাধিকরণ/স্থানাধিকরণ, etc.
- Solve exam-style karak-nirnay (case-identification) problems quickly and accurately.