Combined 4 Banks — Assistant Programmer — Written Exam: 2020 (DU)প্রশ্ন ও সমাধান

Agile Methodology is an iterative, incremental approach to software development where requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration between self-organizing, cross-functional teams, delivering working software in short cycles called sprints (typically 2-4 weeks), with continuous customer feedback and adaptation to change.

Aspect	Agile Model	Waterfall Model
Approach	Iterative & incremental (sprints)	Sequential, linear phases
Requirements	Can evolve throughout the project	Fixed and fully defined upfront
Testing	Continuous, within every sprint	A separate phase after development
Customer involvement	Continuous feedback each sprint	Mainly at the start and end
Documentation	Lightweight, "just enough"	Extensive, formal
Flexibility to change	High	Low (change is costly, needs re-planning)
Delivery	Working increments delivered frequently	Single final delivery at project end
Best suited for	Evolving/unclear requirements	Stable, well-understood requirements

graph LR
  subgraph Waterfall
    R1[Requirements] --> D1[Design] --> C1[Coding] --> T1[Testing] --> M1[Maintenance]
  end

graph LR
  subgraph Agile_Sprint["Agile (repeats each sprint)"]
    P[Plan] --> Dv[Develop] --> Ts[Test] --> Rv[Review] --> P
  end

Exam takeaway: Waterfall is predictable but rigid (good for fixed-scope, regulated projects); Agile is adaptable but needs disciplined, continuous collaboration (good for evolving-requirement, fast-delivery projects).