Security Printing Corporation (Bangladesh) Ltd. Sub-Assistant Programmer Exam: 2022প্রশ্ন ও সমাধান

Direct answer: Exception handling is a mechanism that lets a program detect and gracefully respond to runtime errors (exceptions) instead of crashing — using try (code that might fail), catch (recovery logic), and finally (cleanup that always runs).

public class DivisionExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int a = 10, b = 0;
        try {
            int result = a / b;              // throws ArithmeticException
            System.out.println("Result: " + result);
        } catch (ArithmeticException e) {
            System.out.println("Error: Cannot divide by zero.");
        } finally {
            System.out.println("Division attempt finished.");
        }
    }
}

Output:

Error: Cannot divide by zero.
Division attempt finished.

How it works:

• The try block contains code that might throw an exception (a/b throws ArithmeticException when b=0).
• The matching catch block intercepts that specific exception type and handles it instead of letting the JVM terminate the program.
• The finally block always executes — whether or not an exception occurred — used for cleanup like closing files or releasing resources.
• Custom exceptions can also be created (extends Exception) and raised explicitly with throw, with methods declaring them via throws.

Exam takeaway: try isolates risky code, catch recovers from a specific exception type, and finally guarantees cleanup — this three-part structure is the foundation of robust Java error handling.