Bangladesh Bank — Data Entry/Control Operator (IT) — Exam: 2020প্রশ্ন ও সমাধান

A database is an organized, structured collection of related data that is stored electronically and can be efficiently accessed, managed, and updated - typically through a Database Management System (DBMS) such as MySQL or Oracle.

erDiagram
    EMPLOYEE ||--o{ LEAVE_RECORD : takes
    EMPLOYEE }o--|| DEPARTMENT : "belongs to"
    DEPARTMENT ||--o{ PROJECT : manages

Uses of a database in office administration:

• Employee records management: storing personal details, designation, salary, and attendance/leave history in one searchable system rather than scattered paper files.
• Payroll processing: automatically calculating salaries, deductions, bonuses, and generating payslips from stored employee and attendance data.
• Inventory and asset tracking: recording office supplies, equipment, and their allocation/status to avoid shortages or loss.
• Document and file management: indexing official letters, memos, and records for fast retrieval instead of manual filing cabinets.
• Scheduling and communication logs: tracking meeting schedules, correspondence history, and task assignments across departments.
• Reporting and decision support: running queries/reports (e.g., monthly expense summary, department-wise headcount) to support management decisions.
• Access control: database permissions ensure only authorized staff can view or edit sensitive records (e.g., salary data restricted to HR/Finance).

Example: an office's HR database (illustrated in the diagram above) links EMPLOYEE to DEPARTMENT and LEAVE_RECORD, letting the admin instantly generate a report of "all pending leave requests in the Finance department" instead of manually checking paper files.

Exam takeaway: a database replaces scattered manual/paper records with a structured, queryable system - in office administration it powers HR records, payroll, inventory, document management, and management reporting.

(i) CAD (Computer-Aided Design): the use of computer software to create, modify, analyze, and optimize 2D drawings and 3D models for engineering, architecture, and product design. Example: an engineer uses AutoCAD to draft a building's floor plan with precise measurements instead of drawing by hand.

CAL (Computer-Assisted/Aided Learning): the use of computers and software to support teaching and learning, delivering interactive lessons, quizzes, and simulations. Example: a student uses an interactive e-learning module with animated diagrams to learn photosynthesis, getting instant feedback on quiz answers.

(ii) Cookies: small text files that a website stores on a user's browser/computer to remember information about that user across visits - such as login sessions, shopping cart contents, or site preferences. Example: an e-commerce site uses a cookie so items stay in your cart even if you close and reopen the browser.

Trojan horse: a type of malware disguised as legitimate, harmless software, which - once installed by a deceived user - secretly performs malicious actions (stealing data, creating backdoors, installing further malware) without the visible symptoms of a virus. Unlike a virus, a Trojan does not self-replicate; it relies entirely on tricking the user into installing it. Example: a user downloads a "free game" that secretly installs a keylogger to steal banking passwords.

Term	Category	Key Trait
CAD	Design software	Precision 2D/3D drafting
CAL	Education technology	Interactive computer-based learning
Cookies	Web browser data	Session/preference persistence
Trojan horse	Malware	Disguised, non-self-replicating malicious program

Exam takeaway: CAD = design automation, CAL = learning automation, Cookies = harmless site-memory data, Trojan horse = harmful malware disguised as legitimate software - don't confuse a Trojan (no self-replication) with a virus/worm (both self-replicate).